Does a ver­bal noun turn back into a verb when mod­ified by an ad­verb?












0














Here singing is a noun:




  1. I like singing.


But what about here?




  1. I like singing loudly.


Loudly is still an ad­verb, right? But singing is still
be­hav­ing like a noun, right?



So which is it, a noun or a verb? How can it be­have like a noun when it
gets mod­i­fied by an ad­verb?






ambiguity parts-of-speech syntactic-analysis gerund-phrases grammatical-roles







share|improve this question





























    0














    Here singing is a noun:




    1. I like singing.


    But what about here?




    1. I like singing loudly.


    Loudly is still an ad­verb, right? But singing is still
    be­hav­ing like a noun, right?



    So which is it, a noun or a verb? How can it be­have like a noun when it
    gets mod­i­fied by an ad­verb?






    ambiguity parts-of-speech syntactic-analysis gerund-phrases grammatical-roles







    share|improve this question



























      0












      0








      0







      Here singing is a noun:




      1. I like singing.


      But what about here?




      1. I like singing loudly.


      Loudly is still an ad­verb, right? But singing is still
      be­hav­ing like a noun, right?



      So which is it, a noun or a verb? How can it be­have like a noun when it
      gets mod­i­fied by an ad­verb?






      ambiguity parts-of-speech syntactic-analysis gerund-phrases grammatical-roles







      share|improve this question















      Here singing is a noun:




      1. I like singing.


      But what about here?




      1. I like singing loudly.


      Loudly is still an ad­verb, right? But singing is still
      be­hav­ing like a noun, right?



      So which is it, a noun or a verb? How can it be­have like a noun when it
      gets mod­i­fied by an ad­verb?






      ambiguity parts-of-speech syntactic-analysis gerund-phrases grammatical-roles




      ambiguity parts-of-speech syntactic-analysis gerund-phrases grammatical-roles






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited 15 hours ago









      tchrist♦

      108k28290463




      108k28290463










      asked 18 hours ago









      Dr.Dredel

      4931614




      4931614






















          2 Answers
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          active

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          2














          In your sec­ond ex­am­ple, the ob­ject of the verb like is the
          gerund clause singing loudly, which serves as the NP ob­ject of the
          verb here. The head of that
          clause is the verb singing as mod­i­fied by the ad­verb loudly. Like an in­fini­tive clause, a gerund clause is a non-fi­nite verb
          clause that can serve as an NP when em­bed­ded. Which
          of the two pos­si­ble verb forms you choose does­n’t mat­ter in
          this case, as these are equiv­a­lent in meaning:




          1. I like singing loudly.

          2. I like to sing loudly.


          Had your verb been a tran­si­tive one, you could have added ob­ject
          com­ple­ments to your clauses:




          1. I like call­ing her loudly.

          2. I like to call her loudly.


          Those ad­mit some ad­ver­bial mo­tion, but only within the non-fi­nite verb clause:




          1. I like loudly call­ing her.

          2. I like to loudly call her.


          You can even have a dif­fer­ent sub­ject in that clause than you had
          in the main sen­tence:




          1. I like her call­ing me loudly.

          2. I like for her to call me loudly.


          No­tice how when the to-in­fini­tive clause has a dif­fer­ence
          sub­ject, you need to stick a spe­cial for-com­ple­men­tizer
          there when us­ing the clause as an NP as we do here.
          Read more
          about these po­tent­ially cu­ri­ous com­ple­men­tiz­ers in this an­swer by
          Pro­fes­sor Law­ler
          or in these lec­ture notes from his web­site, or in the notes from this
          more tech­ni­cal lin­guis­tics lec­ture on the struc­ture of
          clauses.



          Deep Struc­tures



          I fear that un­til you move on from sim­plis­tic anal­y­sis fo­cussing merely
          on parts of speech to higher level anal­y­sis of gram­mat­i­cal
          struc­tures and how these em­bed as syn­tac­tic con­stituents, you
          will of­ten find your­self stuck with seem­ing para­doxes that
          can­not be re­solved so long as parts of speech are all you think of.
          That’s be­cause hu­man lan­guage uses these syn­tac­tic
          struc­tures, so no anal­y­sis of the for­mer can ex­empt the
          lat­ter and sur­vive.



          Embed­ded deep struc­tures are a
          fun­da­men­tal part of how hu­man lan­guage works.






          share|improve this answer





























            1















            I like singing




            is strictly speaking ambiguous, but the verb is the salient interpretation (c.f. "I like to sing").



            Noun interpretation can be forced by adjectival premodification, as in "I like occasional singing".



            In I like singing loudly, "singing" is a verb serving as head of the non-finite clause "singing loudly", which is complement of "like".






            share|improve this answer





















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              2 Answers
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              In your sec­ond ex­am­ple, the ob­ject of the verb like is the
              gerund clause singing loudly, which serves as the NP ob­ject of the
              verb here. The head of that
              clause is the verb singing as mod­i­fied by the ad­verb loudly. Like an in­fini­tive clause, a gerund clause is a non-fi­nite verb
              clause that can serve as an NP when em­bed­ded. Which
              of the two pos­si­ble verb forms you choose does­n’t mat­ter in
              this case, as these are equiv­a­lent in meaning:




              1. I like singing loudly.

              2. I like to sing loudly.


              Had your verb been a tran­si­tive one, you could have added ob­ject
              com­ple­ments to your clauses:




              1. I like call­ing her loudly.

              2. I like to call her loudly.


              Those ad­mit some ad­ver­bial mo­tion, but only within the non-fi­nite verb clause:




              1. I like loudly call­ing her.

              2. I like to loudly call her.


              You can even have a dif­fer­ent sub­ject in that clause than you had
              in the main sen­tence:




              1. I like her call­ing me loudly.

              2. I like for her to call me loudly.


              No­tice how when the to-in­fini­tive clause has a dif­fer­ence
              sub­ject, you need to stick a spe­cial for-com­ple­men­tizer
              there when us­ing the clause as an NP as we do here.
              Read more
              about these po­tent­ially cu­ri­ous com­ple­men­tiz­ers in this an­swer by
              Pro­fes­sor Law­ler
              or in these lec­ture notes from his web­site, or in the notes from this
              more tech­ni­cal lin­guis­tics lec­ture on the struc­ture of
              clauses.



              Deep Struc­tures



              I fear that un­til you move on from sim­plis­tic anal­y­sis fo­cussing merely
              on parts of speech to higher level anal­y­sis of gram­mat­i­cal
              struc­tures and how these em­bed as syn­tac­tic con­stituents, you
              will of­ten find your­self stuck with seem­ing para­doxes that
              can­not be re­solved so long as parts of speech are all you think of.
              That’s be­cause hu­man lan­guage uses these syn­tac­tic
              struc­tures, so no anal­y­sis of the for­mer can ex­empt the
              lat­ter and sur­vive.



              Embed­ded deep struc­tures are a
              fun­da­men­tal part of how hu­man lan­guage works.






              share|improve this answer


























                2














                In your sec­ond ex­am­ple, the ob­ject of the verb like is the
                gerund clause singing loudly, which serves as the NP ob­ject of the
                verb here. The head of that
                clause is the verb singing as mod­i­fied by the ad­verb loudly. Like an in­fini­tive clause, a gerund clause is a non-fi­nite verb
                clause that can serve as an NP when em­bed­ded. Which
                of the two pos­si­ble verb forms you choose does­n’t mat­ter in
                this case, as these are equiv­a­lent in meaning:




                1. I like singing loudly.

                2. I like to sing loudly.


                Had your verb been a tran­si­tive one, you could have added ob­ject
                com­ple­ments to your clauses:




                1. I like call­ing her loudly.

                2. I like to call her loudly.


                Those ad­mit some ad­ver­bial mo­tion, but only within the non-fi­nite verb clause:




                1. I like loudly call­ing her.

                2. I like to loudly call her.


                You can even have a dif­fer­ent sub­ject in that clause than you had
                in the main sen­tence:




                1. I like her call­ing me loudly.

                2. I like for her to call me loudly.


                No­tice how when the to-in­fini­tive clause has a dif­fer­ence
                sub­ject, you need to stick a spe­cial for-com­ple­men­tizer
                there when us­ing the clause as an NP as we do here.
                Read more
                about these po­tent­ially cu­ri­ous com­ple­men­tiz­ers in this an­swer by
                Pro­fes­sor Law­ler
                or in these lec­ture notes from his web­site, or in the notes from this
                more tech­ni­cal lin­guis­tics lec­ture on the struc­ture of
                clauses.



                Deep Struc­tures



                I fear that un­til you move on from sim­plis­tic anal­y­sis fo­cussing merely
                on parts of speech to higher level anal­y­sis of gram­mat­i­cal
                struc­tures and how these em­bed as syn­tac­tic con­stituents, you
                will of­ten find your­self stuck with seem­ing para­doxes that
                can­not be re­solved so long as parts of speech are all you think of.
                That’s be­cause hu­man lan­guage uses these syn­tac­tic
                struc­tures, so no anal­y­sis of the for­mer can ex­empt the
                lat­ter and sur­vive.



                Embed­ded deep struc­tures are a
                fun­da­men­tal part of how hu­man lan­guage works.






                share|improve this answer
























                  2












                  2








                  2






                  In your sec­ond ex­am­ple, the ob­ject of the verb like is the
                  gerund clause singing loudly, which serves as the NP ob­ject of the
                  verb here. The head of that
                  clause is the verb singing as mod­i­fied by the ad­verb loudly. Like an in­fini­tive clause, a gerund clause is a non-fi­nite verb
                  clause that can serve as an NP when em­bed­ded. Which
                  of the two pos­si­ble verb forms you choose does­n’t mat­ter in
                  this case, as these are equiv­a­lent in meaning:




                  1. I like singing loudly.

                  2. I like to sing loudly.


                  Had your verb been a tran­si­tive one, you could have added ob­ject
                  com­ple­ments to your clauses:




                  1. I like call­ing her loudly.

                  2. I like to call her loudly.


                  Those ad­mit some ad­ver­bial mo­tion, but only within the non-fi­nite verb clause:




                  1. I like loudly call­ing her.

                  2. I like to loudly call her.


                  You can even have a dif­fer­ent sub­ject in that clause than you had
                  in the main sen­tence:




                  1. I like her call­ing me loudly.

                  2. I like for her to call me loudly.


                  No­tice how when the to-in­fini­tive clause has a dif­fer­ence
                  sub­ject, you need to stick a spe­cial for-com­ple­men­tizer
                  there when us­ing the clause as an NP as we do here.
                  Read more
                  about these po­tent­ially cu­ri­ous com­ple­men­tiz­ers in this an­swer by
                  Pro­fes­sor Law­ler
                  or in these lec­ture notes from his web­site, or in the notes from this
                  more tech­ni­cal lin­guis­tics lec­ture on the struc­ture of
                  clauses.



                  Deep Struc­tures



                  I fear that un­til you move on from sim­plis­tic anal­y­sis fo­cussing merely
                  on parts of speech to higher level anal­y­sis of gram­mat­i­cal
                  struc­tures and how these em­bed as syn­tac­tic con­stituents, you
                  will of­ten find your­self stuck with seem­ing para­doxes that
                  can­not be re­solved so long as parts of speech are all you think of.
                  That’s be­cause hu­man lan­guage uses these syn­tac­tic
                  struc­tures, so no anal­y­sis of the for­mer can ex­empt the
                  lat­ter and sur­vive.



                  Embed­ded deep struc­tures are a
                  fun­da­men­tal part of how hu­man lan­guage works.






                  share|improve this answer












                  In your sec­ond ex­am­ple, the ob­ject of the verb like is the
                  gerund clause singing loudly, which serves as the NP ob­ject of the
                  verb here. The head of that
                  clause is the verb singing as mod­i­fied by the ad­verb loudly. Like an in­fini­tive clause, a gerund clause is a non-fi­nite verb
                  clause that can serve as an NP when em­bed­ded. Which
                  of the two pos­si­ble verb forms you choose does­n’t mat­ter in
                  this case, as these are equiv­a­lent in meaning:




                  1. I like singing loudly.

                  2. I like to sing loudly.


                  Had your verb been a tran­si­tive one, you could have added ob­ject
                  com­ple­ments to your clauses:




                  1. I like call­ing her loudly.

                  2. I like to call her loudly.


                  Those ad­mit some ad­ver­bial mo­tion, but only within the non-fi­nite verb clause:




                  1. I like loudly call­ing her.

                  2. I like to loudly call her.


                  You can even have a dif­fer­ent sub­ject in that clause than you had
                  in the main sen­tence:




                  1. I like her call­ing me loudly.

                  2. I like for her to call me loudly.


                  No­tice how when the to-in­fini­tive clause has a dif­fer­ence
                  sub­ject, you need to stick a spe­cial for-com­ple­men­tizer
                  there when us­ing the clause as an NP as we do here.
                  Read more
                  about these po­tent­ially cu­ri­ous com­ple­men­tiz­ers in this an­swer by
                  Pro­fes­sor Law­ler
                  or in these lec­ture notes from his web­site, or in the notes from this
                  more tech­ni­cal lin­guis­tics lec­ture on the struc­ture of
                  clauses.



                  Deep Struc­tures



                  I fear that un­til you move on from sim­plis­tic anal­y­sis fo­cussing merely
                  on parts of speech to higher level anal­y­sis of gram­mat­i­cal
                  struc­tures and how these em­bed as syn­tac­tic con­stituents, you
                  will of­ten find your­self stuck with seem­ing para­doxes that
                  can­not be re­solved so long as parts of speech are all you think of.
                  That’s be­cause hu­man lan­guage uses these syn­tac­tic
                  struc­tures, so no anal­y­sis of the for­mer can ex­empt the
                  lat­ter and sur­vive.



                  Embed­ded deep struc­tures are a
                  fun­da­men­tal part of how hu­man lan­guage works.







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered 17 hours ago









                  tchrist♦

                  108k28290463




                  108k28290463

























                      1















                      I like singing




                      is strictly speaking ambiguous, but the verb is the salient interpretation (c.f. "I like to sing").



                      Noun interpretation can be forced by adjectival premodification, as in "I like occasional singing".



                      In I like singing loudly, "singing" is a verb serving as head of the non-finite clause "singing loudly", which is complement of "like".






                      share|improve this answer


























                        1















                        I like singing




                        is strictly speaking ambiguous, but the verb is the salient interpretation (c.f. "I like to sing").



                        Noun interpretation can be forced by adjectival premodification, as in "I like occasional singing".



                        In I like singing loudly, "singing" is a verb serving as head of the non-finite clause "singing loudly", which is complement of "like".






                        share|improve this answer
























                          1












                          1








                          1







                          I like singing




                          is strictly speaking ambiguous, but the verb is the salient interpretation (c.f. "I like to sing").



                          Noun interpretation can be forced by adjectival premodification, as in "I like occasional singing".



                          In I like singing loudly, "singing" is a verb serving as head of the non-finite clause "singing loudly", which is complement of "like".






                          share|improve this answer













                          I like singing




                          is strictly speaking ambiguous, but the verb is the salient interpretation (c.f. "I like to sing").



                          Noun interpretation can be forced by adjectival premodification, as in "I like occasional singing".



                          In I like singing loudly, "singing" is a verb serving as head of the non-finite clause "singing loudly", which is complement of "like".







                          share|improve this answer












                          share|improve this answer



                          share|improve this answer










                          answered 17 hours ago









                          BillJ

                          4,0441913




                          4,0441913






























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