I have a file like this:

input file:

Evigen1000005_c0_g1_i1  0.240   1.212   1.408   3.784   2.029   0.963   -1.22409810298695       1       NA      NA      NA      NA      PF04597.13;Ribophorin_I;4.6e-148        NA      1;21;0.875      len=569;ExpAA=32.49;First60=12.82;PredHel=1;Topology=o433-450i     Q9SFX3  OST1A_ARATH     reviewed        Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein_glycosyltransferase_subunit_1A_(EC_2.4.99.18)_(Ribophorin_IA)_(RPN-IA)_(Ribophorin-1A)  OST1A_RPN1A_At1g76400_F15M4.10  Arabidopsis_thaliana_(Mouse-ear_cress)  614     protein_N-linked_glycosylation_via_asparagine_[GO:0018279]      endoplasmic_reticulum_[GO:0005783];_integral_component_of_membrane_[GO:0016021];_membrane_[GO:0016020];_oligosaccharyltransferase_complex_[GO:0008250]     dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein_glycotransferase_activity_[GO:0004579]        3702.AT1G76400.1;  PF04597;        IPR007676;      3702    ath:AT1G76400;  F15M4.10        2.4.99.18       SUBCELLULAR_LOCATION:_Endoplasmic_reticulum_membrane_{ECO:0000250};_Single-pass_type_I_membrane_protein_{ECO:0000250}.  SIGNAL_1_25_{ECO:0000255}. AT1G76400.1;    NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA 

Evigen1000006_c0_g1_i1  0.358   0.179   0.000   0.424   0.139   0.183   NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      PF07767.10;Nop53_(60S_ribosomal_biogenesis);5.2e-21     NA      1;31;0.588      len=170;ExpAA=14.33;First60=14.27;PredHel=0;Topology=o     O22892  NOP53_ARATH     reviewed        Ribosome_biogenesis_protein_NOP53       At2g40430_T2P4.22       Arabidopsis_thaliana_(Mouse-ear_cress)  442     ribosomal_large_subunit_assembly_[GO:0000027];_ribosomal_large_subunit_export_from_nucleus_[GO:0000055]    nucleolus_[GO:0005730];_nucleoplasm_[GO:0005654]        rRNA_binding_[GO:0019843]       3702.AT2G40430.2;       PF07767;   IPR011687;      3702    ath:AT2G40430;  T2P4.22 SUBCELLULAR_LOCATION:_Nucleus,_nucleolus_{ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9NZM5}._Nucleus,_nucleoplasm_{ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9NZM5}.   AT2G40430.1_[O22892-1]; NA NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA

I want to take out the text form the brackets which only starts with "GO:". After each GO: there are 7 digits. e.g. "GO:0018279". They are GO terms. The number of GO terms in each row are not equal. The output must be a file which the first column includes the Untranscript ids (e.g. Evigen1000005_c0_g1_i1) and the rest GO terms. I want an output file like this:

output file:

Evigen1000005_c0_g1_i1 GO:0018279 GO:0005783 GO:0016021 GO:0016020 GO:0008250 GO:0004579

Evigen1000006_c0_g1_i1 GO:0000027 GO:0000055 GO:0005730 GO:0005654 GO:0019843

Suggested script, that matches your final specification.

#!/bin/bash



while read line

do

# echo "$line"

 name=${line%% *}

 echo -n "$name "

 data=$(<<< "$line" grep -o '[GO:.{7}]' | tr 'n' ' ' | sed -e 's/[//g' -e 's/]//g')

 echo "$data"

done < "$1"

Testing:

$ ./script input 

Evigen1000005_c0_g1_i1 GO:0018279 GO:0005783 GO:0016021 GO:0016020 GO:0008250 GO:0004579 

Evigen1000006_c0_g1_i1 GO:0000027 GO:0000055 GO:0005730 GO:0005654 GO:0019843 

How about

sed -r 's/(^[^[:space:]]* )[^*[/1/; s/][^*([|$)/ /g' file

Evigen1000005_c0_g1_i1 GO:0018279 GO:0005783 GO:0016021 GO:0016020 GO:0008250 GO:0004579 

Evigen1000006_c0_g1_i1 GO:0000027 GO:0000055 GO:0005730 GO:0005654 GO:0019843 O22892-1 

Your desired output does NOT reflect the processed input sample.

EDIT: or even

sed -r 's/((^[^ ]* )|])[^*([|$)/2 /g' file

EDIT: with your question and desired output three times revised, try

sed -r 's/((^[^ ]* )|])[^*([GO)/2 GO/g; s/].*$//' file

Faster in sed:

start='[GO:' end=']'

sed -e 's,'"$start"$',1,g' -e 's,'"$end"$',2,g' 

    -e $'s, [^1]*, ,' -e $'s,1\([^2]*\)2[^1]*,GO:\1 ,g' 

    infile

or awk:

awk -vone=$'1' -vtwo=$'3' -vstart='[GO:' -v end=']' '

           {

            printf("%s ",$1);

            gsub(start,one);

            gsub(end,two);

            sub("^[^"one"]*"one,"GO:")

            gsub(two"[^"one"]*"one," GO:")

            sub(two".*$" ,"")

           }

           1' infile