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I've recently taken over a project after a developer caused issues with the client. However, due to the lack of documentation (laugh) I have no idea where the website files are stored or what webserver has been installed.

Questions:

In Linux, how can I see what webserver has been installed?

In Linux, how can I find where the webserver points to in the file directory? (aware that this will depend on the answer from the first question)

** Hosted on Linode

A basic approach would be to use netstat -tnlp with an additional grep on the browser ports that it is supposed to be serving. Typically, that would then be:

netstat -tnlp | grep 80

netstat -tnlp | grep 443

That should list the process PID and name that owns these ports. That should give you a clue which server it is.
Then, locate the configuration files for that server application, e.g. /etc/httpd.

There is no such things as the webserver in linux. Several different servers exist that could do the job. The most common are probably Apache httpd and nginx.

In general you should start by finding out which it is, and then look at it's configuration.

One option to find out which webserver is installed is using netstat to see what is listening to the ports commonly used for HTTP traffic, 80 (for unencryted) and 443 (for encrypted/HTTPS) are the most common. But if there is some proxy in front, any port might be used, in that case 8080 and 8443 are common choices.

Another option would be to utilise your distribution's package system. The tools to use depend a lot on which distribution you have, on Debian it would be something like dpkg -l | grep -i web, it probably outputs several packages, but the relevant should be aming, and easy to pick from the descriptions.

In this specific case it might make sense to just see if the two common choices have configuration on the system. In most cases apache httpd will have it's configuration in /etc/apache (possibly /etc/apache2), nginx often in /etc/nginx.

For apache httpd, the relevant setting will often be DocumentRoot, for nginx it's most commonly root, but both can be configured to do almost anything (Apache httpd supports ModRewrite that is said to be Turing complete, making it theoretically capable of doing absolutely anything), so it can be a bit difficult to find what you need.

In Linux, how can I see what webserver has been installed?

Assuming the server is fully accessible (sudoer/wheel or root), first you need to check for ports open for any webserver. It is usually 80 and 443 , but you can filter by checking for the webserver service names in process list. (nginx / apache / httpd)
netstat, ps, grep, find tools would help you.

nginx -V
httpd -V

commands would give you the main configuration file location, that can be used to find the individual site configuration.

https://www.linode.com/docs/web-servers/nginx/how-to-configure-nginx/
https://www.linode.com/docs/web-servers/apache/
might be helpful to you.

Please be aware the location or paths differ depending on method of package installation and options passed to installer or during compilation.
The worst case is to run a find command across file system to search for files having name index or default.

If your webserver runs on standard port see "netstat -tulpen |grep 80". It should tell you which service is running. Now you can check the configs, you'll find them normally in /etc/servicename, for example: apache configs are likely to find in /etc/apache2/. There you'll get hints where the files are located. There might be other ports used by other services as well, check netstat output without limitation to port 80 closely.

But PLEASE don't. You obviously don't have enough knowledge to run the system all by yourself. It will be taken over from malicious people sooner or later (likely sooner). You will be responsible. Your Boss will be too. This can have BAD consequences. Ask someone who knows what he/she is doing. PLEASE.

(crosspost: copied answer over from stackexchange)